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Crystal is a colorless transparent quartz crystal mineral. Its main chemistry is silicon dioxide, which is the same thing as ordinary sand. When the silicon dioxide crystal is perfect, it is crystal; silica gel dehydration is agate; silica hydrous colloid becomes an opal; when the silica crystal grain is less than a few microns, it is composed of chalcedony, vermiculite, secondary Quartzite.
Perfect crystal crystal is a hexagonal system, often hexagonal prism, the column is a tip or two tips, a number of long cylinders linked together, known as Crystal family, beautiful and spectacular. Silica crystals are incomplete and their shapes can vary. When you go to Hainan Crystal Exhibition Hall, you can see an eye-opener: In addition to the common long columnar shape, there are also sword-like swords, some like a plate, some like a short column, and some like a double cone. Some are as small as fingers, others as large as rocks; some are less than two and some weigh more than 300 kilograms.
Why can crystal stand up to the general beat? This is because it has a strong "bone", known as the hardness of gemstones, hardness refers to the intensity of the resistance of the stone.
How to measure the hardness of crystal?
Long ago, the owner of the pawnshop used a hard tip or steel file to detect hardness on the inconspicuous facet of the crystal imitation that they believed to be suspicious. They scored on the face, leaving a bit of inconspicuous evidence. Remind other pawnmates to pay attention. Obviously this is one of the most primitive and cumbersome testing methods, which may lead to crystal damage.
In 1824, an Austrian mineralogist named Frisch Moss extracted 10 species from many minerals. Their relative hardness was measured through scientific experiments, and the hardness of the crystal was Mohs 7. Although later the National Bureau of Standards used and promoted the more scientific Knoop hardness tester, jewelers in many countries in the world are still accustomed to the Moh's hardness scale.
The hardness of the crystal is equivalent to that of a hard steel file. This makes the jewels such as crisp and fragile topaz, diamonds, opal stones, and emeralds dwarf.
Crystal cleavage: None.
Cleavage, commonly known as open up. Some gems (such as topaz and diamonds) will crack along a plane after they are struck, squeezed or collided by external forces. This property of gems is known as cleavage.
Crystal break: shell-like.
Break, mineralogy is called fracture. It means that the gemstone is under a certain external force and does not break in a certain crystal direction, but forms a broken surface. To put it another way, it is said that the rip of a gem can extend in any direction, instead of developing along cleavage.
Crystallized crystals often have good herringbone fractures with parallel ridges; in amethyst and heat-treated citrine, most of them are uneven to lamellar.