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The main problems with knitting yarns at present
The quality and performance of the knitted fabric depend on the properties of the knitted raw material, the structure and specifications of the knitted fabric, dyeing and finishing. Among them, the performance of knitted raw materials is the main factor affecting the properties of knitted fabrics. The use of knitted fabrics is different, and the materials used are different. At present, most of the knitted fabrics for underwear use cotton yarn; the raw materials for hosiery products are cotton yarn, wool and chemical fiber; the wool sweater mainly uses wool, acrylic, acrylic blended yarn; the main raw materials for knitted outerwear are polyester, nylon, acrylic and blended. Yarn and new textile materials (such as tencel fiber, differentiated fiber, etc.); raw materials for special industries are mainly glass fiber, metal wire, aramid fiber and so on. The component of the raw material may be a pure spun yarn containing only one kind of fiber or a blended yarn of two or more kinds; (such as a flower yarn, a slub yarn, a knot yarn, a core yarn, etc.). In addition, the emergence of new raw materials such as chemical fiber shaped fibers, composite fibers, especially ultra-fine fibers, has opened up new avenues for knitting yarns.
The testing of the yarn count in the laboratory can basically reach the level of the first grade, only the neps of the carded yarn exceeds the impurity, and the extremely individual twist coefficient exceeds 360. The second is that the strips are not uniform, the blackboard can not reflect, the 0.9.1.0 blackboard will appear more cloudy shadows in the real thing, whether it is carding, combing have appeared, and even long-staple cotton yarn has appeared. The third is foreign fiber, carding and combing. The foreign fiber yarn can only be used as a dyeing product to cover up. Fourth, the cotton knot has white spots and uneven coloring, which is prominent on the carded yarn, and the blended yarn fabric is unevenly colored. The fifth is hairiness, the cotton yarn has many hairiness, and the flower coat is more when weaving. The flower coat is rolled into the woven plaque, the bad needle, the light blank finished cloth, the cloth surface hair, and the matte.
Quality requirements for yarn counts of knitting enterprises
Weft knitting and knitting machine, more than 100 yarns are fed together for weaving. If there is slight deviation, it will be exposed on the surface of knitted fabrics, especially single-knitted fabrics, ribbed and double rib fabrics. obvious. The first-class physical inspection is the basic condition, mainly for weaving services. Not only the rough fabric needs to meet the requirements, but also the physical quality of the optical fabric after dyeing and finishing is no problem. Both single strong and æ» coefficients can meet the requirements. (1) The æ» coefficient should not exceed 340; 2) The yarn support should be uniform; 3) There should be no foreign fibers as much as possible; (4) The number of cotton nodules should be small, there should be no white spots with low coloring rate, and the dyeing uniformity Well, it is best to reach 4~5 grades; (5) Less hairiness can reduce the flying flowers during weaving and improve the surface finish of the finished fabric.
In the process of forming a knitted fabric on a knitting machine, the yarn is subjected to complicated mechanical actions such as stretching, bending, twisting, rubbing and the like. In order to ensure the normal production and the quality of the products, the yarn for knitting should meet the following requirements:
1, the yarn should have a certain strength and extensibility
The strength of the yarn is an important quality indicator for the yarn for knitting. Since the yarn is subjected to a certain tension and repeated loading during preparation and weaving, the knitting yarn must have a certain strength. In addition, the yarn is subjected to bending and torsional deformation during the knitting process, and therefore the knitting yarn is required to have a certain elongation so as to be bent into a loop during the knitting process and to reduce yarn breakage.
2, the yarn should have good softness
The softness of the yarn for knitting is higher than that of the yarn for weaving. Because the soft yarn is easy to bend and twist, and the coil structure in the knitted fabric is uniform, the appearance is clear and beautiful, and the yarn breakage during the weaving process and the damage to the looping mechanism are also reduced.
3, the line should have a certain degree of twist
In general, the knitting yarn has a lower twist than the woven yarn. If the twist is too large, the softness of the yarn is poor, it is not easy to be bent and twisted during weaving, and it is easy to cause kinking, which causes woven woven fabric and damages the knitting needle; in addition, the excessively large yarn affects the elasticity of the knitted fabric. And make the coil skewed. However, the twist of the knitting yarn should not be too low, otherwise it will affect its strength, increase the breakage during weaving, and the yarn is bulky, so that the fabric is easy to pilling and reduce the wearing performance of the knitted fabric. Therefore, the correct choice of twist is an important way to rationally choose yarn. The use of knitted fabrics is different, and the twist requirements are also different.
The jersey is required to be smooth, compact, smooth in surface, clear in texture, and more twisted, and can be close to the warp yarn standard for the same linear density weaving. The yarn width of the outer garment should be increased to enhance the stiffness and improve the pilling phenomenon. Cotton cloth and elastic cloth are required to be soft and elastic, and the twist of the yarn should be slightly lower. Generally, the lower deviation of the weft yarn width of the same-line density weaving is adopted. The yarn for the piled knit fabric is made for the purpose of easy brushing, and the thickness of the pile is uniform, and the twist requirement is smaller.
In addition, the size of the twist varies with the yarn density.
4, the linear density of the yarn should be uniform, less yarn defects
Uniformity of yarn linear density, that is, uniformity of yarn strands, is an important quality indicator for knitting yarns. The evenly-spun yarn facilitates the knitting process and ensures the quality of the fabric, so that the coil structure is uniform and the cloth surface is clear. If there are thick sections on the yarn, the weaving will not pass smoothly, causing yarn breakage or damage to the machine parts, and it is easy to form "horizontal strips" and "cloud spots" on the cloth surface to reduce the quality of the knitted fabric; The details are insufficient strength here, easy to break, affecting the quality of the fabric and reducing machine productivity. Because the knitting machine has a multi-way looping system and the yarn is looped at the same time, not only the thickness of each yarn is required to be uniform, but also the thickness difference of the yarns between the roads must be strictly controlled, otherwise horizontal stripes will be formed on the cloth surface. Shadows and other diseases reduce fabric quality.
5, the yarn should have good hygroscopicity
The ability of a yarn to absorb moisture in the air is called hygroscopicity. The hygroscopic capacity of various fibers varies greatly, and the amount of moisture absorption varies with the temperature and humidity of the air. Yarns used in knitting production should have a certain hygroscopicity. Under the same relative humidity conditions, the yarn with good hygroscopicity, in addition to its good electrical conductivity, also contributes to the stability of the yarn twist and the improvement of the elongation, so that the yarn has good weaving properties.
6, the yarn should have a good finish and a small coefficient of friction
Knitting yarns should be as free of impurities and grease as possible, and should be smooth. The non-smooth yarn has a great damage to the machine parts, which is easy to damage the machine parts, and there are many flying flowers in the workshop, which affects the health of the workers and affects the productivity of the knitting machine and the quality of the fabric.
In addition, during the knitting process, the yarn is in frictional contact with a plurality of parts, and is relatively slid, so that the yarn is subjected to a certain resistance, thereby generating yarn tension. Therefore, a yarn having a rough surface or a yarn having an excessively large coefficient of friction generates a high yarn tension when passing through the loop forming member, affecting the uniformity of the yarn tension, thereby causing unevenness of the coil structure. In order to reduce the coefficient of friction of the yarn, the surface of the yarn can be awakened by the treatment of the antistatic agent and the lubricating oil or wax.
Knitting is divided into two categories: warp knitting and weft knitting. Cotton Yarn is mainly used in weft knitting machines. The weft knitting is a weft knitted fabric, and the yarn is sent to the knitting region of the knitting machine with a certain tension, and is bent into a loop to form a knitted fabric. From the perspective of weaving, it is required that the yarn count is soft, smooth, and the twist is properly uniform, with a certain strength and elongation at break, the strip is even and the details are less. Because the knitted fabric is relatively loose, there are many gaps between the yarn and the yarn, and the unevenness of the original yarn directly affects the appearance of the fabric, and the details are more harmful. There are fewer flying flowers.